Feasibility study of fine-metakaolin and coal bottom ash as cement and fine aggregate replacement in seawater-mixed concrete

Abstract The combination effect of fine-metakaolin (FMK) and coal bottom ash (CBA) as cement fine aggregate replacement in seawater-concrete was investigated to reduce environmental issues such carbon emission, global warming, insufficient water resource. Optimum percentages 10%, 20% 30% determined Stage 1 through compression strength test. 2 involved testing on mixture with FMK obtained 20%, 30%, 40% 50% CBA the replacement. Nine series concrete mixtures were prepared conduct a compressive test absorption at 7 28 days. It observed that 10% incorporated seawater had highest strength. Water mixed increased percentage increased. can be concluded is suitable substitution 10%.